Table 4 |
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|
Adjusted incidence a and risk ratios of obesity b and extreme obesity c among adults aged ≥18 years, by selected socio-demographic characteristics and behavioral factors, Behavioral Risk Facto Surveillance System: United States, 2009 |
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|
Obesity (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2) |
Extreme obesity (BMI ≥ 40.0 kg/m2) |
|||||
|
Characteristic/behavioral factor |
Adjusted incidence |
Risk ratio |
Adjusted incidence |
Risk ratio |
||
|
% (SE) |
Ratio |
(95% CI) |
% (SE) |
Ratio |
(95% CI) |
|
|
|
||||||
|
Age group (years) |
||||||
|
18-29 |
6.4 (0.37) |
1.0 d |
1.2 (0.15) |
1.0 |
||
|
30-49 |
4.8 (0.16) e |
0.8 |
(0.7, 0.9) |
0.9 (0.06) |
0.7 |
(0.6, 1.0) |
|
50-69 |
3.3 (0.11) |
0.5 |
(0.5, 0.6) |
0.5 (0.03) |
0.4 |
(0.3, 0.6) |
|
≥ 70 |
1.5 (0.10) |
0.2 |
(0.2, 0.3) |
0.2 (0.04) |
0.2 |
(0.1, 0.3) |
|
Sex |
||||||
|
Women |
5.4 (0.14) |
1.0 |
0.9 (0.05) |
1.0 |
||
|
Men |
3.2 (0.12) |
0.6 |
(0.5, 0.6) |
0.6 (0.05) |
0.6 |
(0.5, 0.8) |
|
Race/ethnicity |
||||||
|
White, non-Hispanic |
3.4 (0.09) |
1.0 |
0.6 (0.04) |
1.0 |
||
|
Black, non-Hispanic |
6.0 (0.41) |
1.8 |
(1.5, 2.0) |
0.8 (0.08) |
1.3 |
(1.1, 1.6) |
|
Hispanic |
5.5 (0.37) |
1.6 |
(1.4, 1.9) |
1.0 (0.15) |
1.5 |
(1.1, 2.1) |
|
Educational level |
||||||
|
< High school |
5.1 (0.34) |
1.0 |
0.9 (0.12) |
1.0 |
||
|
High school |
4.8 (0.20) |
0.9 |
(0.8, 1.1) |
0.8 (0.07) |
0.9 |
(0.6, 1.2) |
|
Some college |
4.2 (0.17) |
0.8 |
(0.7, 1.0) |
0.7 (0.06) |
0.7 |
(0.5, 1.0) |
|
College graduate |
2.9 (0.13) |
0.6 |
(0.5, 0.7) |
0.5 (0.05) |
0.5 |
(0.4, 0.7) |
|
Census region |
||||||
|
Northeast |
4.1 (0.22) |
1.0 |
0.6 (0.07) |
1.0 |
||
|
Midwest |
4.1 (0.16) |
1.0 |
(0.9, 1.1) |
0.7 (0.06) |
1.1 |
(0.8, 1.4) |
|
South |
4.3 (0.17) |
1.1 |
(0.9, 1.2) |
0.9 (0.07) |
1.4 |
(1.1, 1.8) |
|
West |
3.8 (0.21) |
0.9 |
(0.8, 1.1) |
0.6 (0.08) |
0.9 |
(0.7, 1.3) |
|
Territory |
3.4 (0.42) |
0.8 |
(0.6, 1.1) |
0.3 (0.10) |
0.5 |
(0.3, 1.0) |
|
Leisure-time physical activity |
||||||
|
No |
5.1 (0.19) |
1.0 |
1.0 (0.07) |
1.0 |
||
|
Yes |
3.7 (0.11) |
0.7 |
(0.7, 0.8) |
0.6 (0.04) |
0.6 |
(0.5, 0.7) |
|
≥ 5 times of fruits and vegetables per day |
||||||
|
No |
4.1 (0.11) |
1.0 |
0.7 (0.04) |
1.0 |
||
|
Yes |
3.9 (0.18) |
0.9 |
(0.8, 1.0) |
0.6 (0.07) |
0.9 |
(0.7, 1.1) |
|
Smoking |
||||||
|
Nonsmoker |
3.5 (0.11) |
1.0 |
0.7 (0.05) |
1.0 |
||
|
Former smoker |
5.0 (0.20) |
1.4 |
(1.3, 1.6) |
0.8 (0.07) |
1.2 |
(1.0, 1.5) |
|
Current smoker |
4.8 (0.23) |
1.4 |
(1.2, 1.6) |
0.7 (0.08) |
1.0 |
(0.8, 1.3) |
|
Alcohol drinking |
||||||
|
No drinking |
4.4 (0.14) |
1.0 |
0.8 (0.05) |
1.0 |
||
|
Any drinking |
3.8 (0.14) |
0.9 |
(0.8, 1.0) |
0.6 (0.05) |
0.8 |
(0.6, 0.9) |
|
Heavy drinking |
3.8 (0.40) |
0.9 |
(0.7, 1.1) |
0.7 (0.20) |
0.9 |
(0.5, 1.6) |
|
Baseline BMI (kg/m2) |
||||||
|
11.7-24.9 |
0.7 (0.06) |
1.0 |
-f |
- f |
||
|
25.0-27.4 |
3.7 (0.19) |
5.5 |
(4.4, 6.8) |
- |
- |
- |
|
27.5-29.9 |
14.4 (0.37) |
21.6 |
(17.8, 26.2) |
- |
- |
- |
|
11.7-29.9 |
-g |
-g |
0.1 (0.02) |
1.0 |
||
|
30.0-32.4 |
- |
- |
- |
0.5 (0.10) |
6.6 |
(3.6, 12.1) |
|
32.5-34.9 |
- |
- |
- |
1.0 (0.14) |
13.9 |
(8.3, 23.5) |
|
35.0-37.4 |
- |
- |
- |
3.4 (0.28) |
48.5 |
(30.2, 77.9) |
|
37.5-39.9 |
- |
- |
- |
11.4 (0.85) |
161.6 |
(101.0, 258.7) |
|
|
||||||
|
a Predictive margins adjusted for baseline BMI and all other socio-demographic characteristics and behavioral factors in the model b Obesity: BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2 c Extreme obesity: BMI ≥40.0 kg/m2 d Reference group e p < 0.01 for pairwise contrast to test for the difference between the bolded estimate and the estimate for the reference group f Not applicable; we combined these three baseline BMI categories for adults who were at risk for extreme obesity to ensure adequate sample size g Not applicable; we used three baseline BMI categories (as indicted in the table) for adults who were at risk for obesity |
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|
Pan et al. Population Health Metrics 2011 9:56 doi:10.1186/1478-7954-9-56 |
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