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Prevalence (%) of symptoms present in the past month across UK Study: Gulf, Bosnia and Era Cohorts |
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| During the past month have you suffered from: |
Gulf* N = 3,454 |
Bosnia N = 1,979 |
Era N = 2,577 |
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| Feeling unrefreshed after sleep |
56.1 |
32.5 |
31.5 |
| Irritability/outburst of anger |
54.7 |
32.2† |
25.5 |
| Headaches |
54.2 |
36.5 |
36.8 |
| Fatigue |
51.1 |
26.9 |
28.2 |
| Sleeping difficulties |
47.8 |
30.5 |
28.3 |
| Forgetfulness |
44.7 |
19.4† |
16.8 |
| Loss of concentration |
39.5 |
16.6 |
15.0 |
| Joint stiffness |
39.3 |
20.9 |
22.8 |
| Flatulence or burping |
34.0 |
15.7† |
21.0 |
| Pain without swelling or redness in several joints |
31.7 |
13.7 |
14.2 |
| Feeling distant or cut off from others |
27.9 |
14.4† |
10.3 |
| Avoiding doing things/situations |
26.5 |
12.4† |
10.1 |
| Feeling jumpy/easily startled |
24.7 |
12.9† |
9.4 |
| Chest pain |
24.5 |
12.5 |
11.6 |
| Tingling in fingers and arms |
24.3 |
8.4† |
10.9 |
| Night sweats that soak the bed sheets |
23.7 |
12.0† |
9.5 |
| Itchy or painful eyes |
22.9 |
10.5 |
11.9 |
| Sore throat |
22.3 |
15.1 |
13.6 |
| Distressing dreams |
21.6 |
13.1† |
9.0 |
| Numbness or tingling in fingers or toes |
21.4 |
8.1† |
10.9 |
| Ringing in the ears |
20.5 |
10.8 |
12.5 |
| Wheezing |
20.4 |
10.1 |
9.7 |
| Diarrhea |
20.2 |
11.1 |
11.9 |
| Unable to breathe deeply enough |
20.0 |
9.8† |
7.8 |
| Unintended weight gain greater than 10 lbs |
18.7 |
10.8† |
8.5 |
| Dry mouth |
17.4 |
9.1† |
6.6 |
| Loss of interest in sex |
17.3 |
7.1 |
6.7 |
| Dizziness |
17.0 |
7.0 |
7.7 |
| Tingling in legs and arms |
16.8 |
5.4† |
6.8 |
| Rapid heartbeat |
16.4 |
7.5 |
7.6 |
| Feeling short of breath at rest |
15.3 |
6.5 |
5.5 |
| Increased sensitivity to noise |
15.0 |
6.3 |
5.6 |
| Increased sensitivity to light |
14.7 |
6.0 |
5.8 |
| Stomach cramp |
14.6 |
7.8 |
7.5 |
| Passing urine more often |
14.3 |
4.9† |
6.3 |
| Persistent cough |
13.9 |
7.8† |
5.8 |
| Loss or decrease in appetite |
13.3 |
8.5† |
5.2 |
| Intolerance to alcohol |
11.9 |
5.0 |
4.0 |
| Shaking |
11.6 |
5.3† |
3.7 |
| Constipation |
10.9 |
5.9 |
5.2 |
| Faster breathing than normal |
10.4 |
4.4 |
3.3 |
| Feeling disoriented |
10.3 |
3.2 |
3.5 |
| Feeling feverish |
8.7 |
3.5 |
3.0 |
| Nausea |
8.7 |
3.7 |
3.7 |
| Lump in throat |
8.0 |
3.8 |
3.0 |
| Unintended weight loss greater than 10 lbs. |
5.5 |
3.9† |
2.6 |
| Double vision |
5.4 |
2.5 |
2.1 |
| Pain on passing urine |
5.2 |
2.3 |
1.9 |
| Burning sensation in sex organs |
5.0 |
1.3 |
1.6 |
| Vomiting |
4.7 |
3.2 |
2.8 |
| In general would you say your health is (mean, standard deviation) 1=Excellent, 2=Very Good, 3=Good, 4=Fair, 5=Poor |
2.8 (1.1)‡ |
2.3 (1.0) |
2.3 (1.0) |
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* Gulf War veterans significantly different (p < 0.05) from Era and Bosnia veterans with respect to all symptoms † Bosnia veterans were significantly different (p < 0.05) from Era veterans. ‡ Gulf War veterans significantly different (p < 0.05) from Bosnia and Era veterans | |||
Nisenbaum et al. Population Health Metrics 2004 2:8 doi:10.1186/1478-7954-2-8 |
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